ATV and UTV road crossings: when it is legal and how to cross safely
Why ATVs are dangerous on pavement, the common crossing rules and a safe way across
All terrain vehicles and side by sides, also called UTVs, are part of life on farms, ranches, hunting land and trail systems. Riders often need to cross a public road to get from one field or trail to another. Some ride along roads to reach a neighbor’s house or the store.
That is where many serious crashes happen. Roads bring fast traffic, hard pavement and drivers who do not expect a small, slow vehicle. This guide explains the risks and how to cross safely and legally.
The size of the problem
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission reports more than 800 deaths and about 100,000 emergency room treated injuries a year involving off highway vehicles [1]. From 2018 to 2020, there were 2,448 off highway vehicle deaths, and ATVs were involved in more than two thirds of them [1]. Nearly 300 of those who died were children under 16 [1].
Why pavement is dangerous for ATVs
ATVs are built for dirt, mud and trails. Their design works against them on pavement:
- Knobby, low pressure tires grip loose ground but can grab or slide unpredictably on asphalt.
- Many ATVs have a solid rear axle, which helps on trails but makes turning on hard surfaces harder and can tip the machine.
- A high center of gravity makes rollovers more likely in sharp turns.
- No crash protection. Riders are exposed if a car or truck hits them.
- Hard to see. Drivers may not notice a small vehicle crossing ahead, especially at dawn, dusk or over hills.
CPSC’s advice is clear: stay off paved roads, and never ride on public roads except to cross where the law permits [1].
Common state crossing rules
States set their own rules, and many counties and towns add more. Common rules include:
- Crossing only at a right angle, taking the shortest path
- Coming to a complete stop before crossing
- Yielding to all traffic on the road
- Headlights and taillights on, if equipped
- Crossing only where there is a clear view in both directions
- Age limits and adult supervision for young riders
- Helmet requirements, especially for minors
Some states allow registered UTVs or ATVs on certain roads with equipment like mirrors, lights and license plates. Others ban road use except crossings. Check your state’s off highway vehicle rules and local ordinances.
How to cross a road safely
1. Pick the right spot. Choose a place with a clear view in both directions, away from curves and hilltops.
2. Stop completely before the edge of the road.
3. Look and listen both ways, then look again.
4. Cross straight across, at a right angle, at a steady speed.
5. Cross one at a time if riding in a group, and regroup well off the road.
6. Never stop on the road. If you stall, push the machine off the road as fast as you safely can.
7. Use lights if your machine has them.
Warning: Never carry a passenger on an ATV built for one rider. Most ATVs are designed for a single person, and an extra rider makes the machine much harder to control.
Gear and good habits
CPSC recommends [1]:
- A helmet every ride, plus eye protection, boots, gloves, long pants and long sleeves
- Hands on training from a qualified instructor
- No alcohol before or during riding
- No more riders than seats
- Youth models for riders under 16, never adult ATVs
For drivers in rural areas
If you drive where ATVs and UTVs are common:
- Slow down near trail crossings and farm entrances
- Watch for small vehicles at dawn, dusk and on weekends
- Give riders room. They may move slowly or unpredictably
- Expect riders, including children, near fields and wooded areas
Checklist: before crossing a road on an ATV or UTV
Checklist from Safety Behind the Wheel Foundation
- I know my state and local crossing rules
- I am wearing a helmet and protective gear
- No extra passengers on a single rider ATV
- I picked a crossing spot with a clear view both ways
- I will stop fully, look and cross straight across
- Young riders are on youth models with adult supervision
Frequently asked questions
Can I make my ATV street legal?
Some states allow certain ATVs or UTVs on roads with added equipment, registration and insurance. Many do not. Check your state motor vehicle agency.
Do I need a driver’s license to cross a road on an ATV?
It depends on the state. Some require a license or safety certificate to cross public roads, especially for young riders.
Are side by sides safer than ATVs?
Side by sides have seats, seat belts and roll protection, which help when used correctly. They can still roll over. Always buckle up and keep arms and legs inside.
Related articles
Sources and further reading
- 1U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. “ATV Safety Information Center.” cpsc.gov/…/ATV-Safety-Information-Cent…
This article reflects the safety priorities of off highway vehicle safety and rural road safety. It is general education, not legal advice. ATV and UTV rules vary by state and town, so check your local laws. Reviewed November 2026.
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